The 2025 Air Traffic Controllers Day celebrates the theme “The Human Edge: Capacity Building in the Next Generation Air Traffic Management,” emphasizing the vital role of human expertise amid growing automation in aviation. Adopted by the Nigerian Air Traffic Controllers’ Association (NATCA) during their 54th AGM in Abuja (October 21–22), the theme underscores the need to invest in human capacity to ensure safe, efficient, and resilient airspace management across Africa.
Air traffic control (ATC) has progressed from basic visual signals to a highly advanced global system. Initially, pilots relied on visual cues and coordination, with no formal ATC during the first airline flight in 1914. The first structured ATC system emerged in 1920 at Croydon Airport using flags. World War II spurred the development of radar and radio communications, later adapted for civilian use. The jet age and growing air traffic led to automated radar and control centers. Modern ATC now leverages satellite navigation, ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasting), digital communications, AI, and predictive analytics to ensure safe and efficient airspace management.
In Africa, where air traffic is projected to grow exponentially over the next two decades, the theme adopted by Air Traffic Controllers for 2025 is not just aspirational — it’s essential. The continent’s aviation future depends on empowering its people: training the next generation of air traffic controllers, modernizing systems, and building a culture of excellence that puts safety and service at the heart of every flight.
Africa’s skies are busier than ever. With over 1.3 billion people, a growing middle class, and increasing demand for connectivity, the continent is poised to become one of the world’s most dynamic aviation markets. The continent faces such challenges as fragmented airspace and limited regional coordination, shortage of skilled air traffic management (ATM) professionals, and aging infrastructure; and uneven adoption of modern technologies.
These hurdles underscore the urgency of capacity building. The “Human Edge” theme reminds us that no matter how advanced our systems become, it’s the people behind the radar screens — the controllers, engineers, and planners — who ensure that aircraft move safely and efficiently through African skies.
Capacity building in air traffic management goes beyond technical training. It’s about cultivating a workforce that is skilled, adaptable, and future-ready. Across Africa, this mission is gaining momentum: Institutions like the East African School of Aviation (Kenya), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (Zaria), and the Ethiopian Aviation Academy are expanding programmes to meet growing demand; International bodies are working with African governments to standardize training and certify professionals to global standards; and, these institutions are poised to produce a workforce that is ready to add value and meet the needs of the aviation industry.
With respect to recruitment and retention, outreach programmes are targeting STEM students and young professionals to build interest in ATM careers; competitive salaries, career development paths, and wellness programmes are helping retain top talent; and, efforts are underway to increase female representation in air traffic control, a field historically dominated by men. Indeed, at the recently concluded Aviation Africa Summit in Kigali, Nairobi, Women in Aviation had a presentation session – underscoring the relevance of women in aviation in the continent.
Africa is embracing next-gen air traffic management technologies — but success depends on human capacity to operate, maintain, and innovate within these systems. However, capacity building in African ATM is not a solo mission — it requires collaboration across borders and sectors. Regional integration as seen in ICAO’s Africa – Indian Ocean Plan, Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM), Public Private Partnership, amongst others, are partnerships vital to creating a unified, efficient, and safe African airspace.
Despite challenges such as stress factors, infrastructure gaps, political and economic difficulties, African air traffic professionals continue to rise to the occasion. Their dedication, adaptability, and problem-solving skills embody the “Human Edge” that keeps aviation moving forward. These underscore the fact that investing in people, the continent will unlock potential that transforms systems and saves lives. The skies of Africa are vast, and the opportunities are limitless. With the right investment in human capacity, the continent can lead the world in air traffic management excellence.
“The Human Edge: Capacity Building in the Next Generation Air Traffic Management” is, therefore, more than a theme — it’s a mission. It’s a reminder that behind every flight plan, radar sweep, and safe landing is a human being with skill, judgment, and heart.
